-prefix-free lets you use only unprefixed CSS properties everywhere. It works behind the scenes, adding the current browser’s prefix to any CSS code, only when it’s needed.
“[-prefix-free is] fantastic, top-notch work! Thank you for creating and sharing it.”
— Eric Meyer
<link> or <style> elements and adds a vendor prefix where neededstyle attribute and adds a vendor prefix where needed<link> or <style> elements, style attribute changes and CSSOM changes (requires plugin).css() method get and set unprefixed properties (requires plugin)@import-ed files is not supportedstyle attribute) won’t work in IE and Firefox < 3.6. Properties as well in Firefox < 3.6.Check this page’s stylesheet ;-)
You can also visit the Test Drive page, type in any code you want and check out how it would get prefixed for the current browser.
Just include prefixfree.js anywhere in your page. It is recommended to put it right after the stylesheets, to minimize FOUC
That’s it, you’re done!
The target browser support is IE9+, Opera 10+, Firefox 3.5+, Safari 4+ and Chrome on desktop and Mobile Safari, Android browser, Chrome and Opera Mobile on mobile.
If it doesn’t work in any of those, it’s a bug so please report it. Just before you do, please make sure that it’s not because the browser doesn’t support a CSS3 feature at all, even with a prefix.
In older browsers like IE8, nothing will break, just properties won’t get prefixed. Which wouldn’t be useful anyway as IE8 doesn’t support much CSS3 ;)
Test the prefixing that -prefix-free would do for this browser, by writing some CSS below:
His primary works on ScienceDirect and ResearchGate show hundreds of citations for individual book chapters and articles, particularly in quantum chemistry.
: Proposed in 1961, this work addressed electron correlation—the way electrons influence each other's movement—which was a 50-year-old unsolved problem at the time.
Oktay Sinanoğlu (1935–2015) transformed the field of quantum chemistry through his development of the Many-Electron Theory of Atoms and Molecules . His work addressed the complex "correlation problem"—the interaction between electrons that traditional models failed to account for. Beyond atomic theory, Sinanoğlu introduced the Solvophobic Theory , which provided a mathematical framework for understanding how solvent environments, particularly water, influence the stability and denaturation of biological macromolecules like DNA. Core Contributions
(Note: exact titles and years should be checked on Google Scholar; the platform will list full bibliographic details, PDFs, and citation networks.)
Despite the limitations of retrospective digitization, Sinanoğlu’s Google Scholar profile highlights three distinct pillars of his research contribution.
His primary works on ScienceDirect and ResearchGate show hundreds of citations for individual book chapters and articles, particularly in quantum chemistry.
: Proposed in 1961, this work addressed electron correlation—the way electrons influence each other's movement—which was a 50-year-old unsolved problem at the time. oktay sinanoglu google scholar
Oktay Sinanoğlu (1935–2015) transformed the field of quantum chemistry through his development of the Many-Electron Theory of Atoms and Molecules . His work addressed the complex "correlation problem"—the interaction between electrons that traditional models failed to account for. Beyond atomic theory, Sinanoğlu introduced the Solvophobic Theory , which provided a mathematical framework for understanding how solvent environments, particularly water, influence the stability and denaturation of biological macromolecules like DNA. Core Contributions His primary works on ScienceDirect and ResearchGate show
(Note: exact titles and years should be checked on Google Scholar; the platform will list full bibliographic details, PDFs, and citation networks.) Sinanoğlu introduced the Solvophobic Theory
Despite the limitations of retrospective digitization, Sinanoğlu’s Google Scholar profile highlights three distinct pillars of his research contribution.